fle;j xf;NlhgH 10 rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; jpdj;jd;W If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; tpUJ ,yq;ifiar; NrHe;j Rdpyh mNgNrfuTf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. I.eh. kdpj chpikfs; rhrdj;Jf;F 50 tUlq;fs; G+Hj;jpailtijnahl;b elj;jg;gl;l tpNrl epfo;r;rpnahd;wpy; itj;J Rdpyh mNgNrfu nfsutpf;fg;gl;L ,e;j tpUJ mtUf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. 1948 brk;gH 10Mk; jpfjp rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs; rhrdk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;L gpufldg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjd;gpd; 1953,ypUe;J Ie;J Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiw ,e;j tpUJ ItUf;F toq;fg;gl;L tUfpwJ.

,jw;F Kd;dH ,t;tpUijg; ngw;w cyfg; gpuKfHfspy; ney;rd; kz;Nlyh> vy;NehH &];nty;l;> Cjhz;l;> gpn\hg; mngy; KuNrhth> khHbd; Y}jH fpq; MfpNahUk; mlq;FtH.

Rdpyh mNgNrfu> mbg;gilapy; Gul;rpfu ,af;f nraw;ghl;bypUe;J ,e;j ,lj;ij te;jile;jtH. Gul;rpfu murpay; nraw;ghl;bypUe;J jd;id tpyf;fpf; nfhz;lNghJk; njhlHr;rpahf kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; ngz;zpa nraw;ghLfspy; <Lgl;L te;jhH. ,yq;ifapy; tpuy;tpl;L vz;zf;$ba Kjd;ik ngz;zpathjpfspy; Rdpyh xUtH. ,yq;ifg; ngz;zpathjpahf ntspehLfspy; ed;whf mwpag;gl;ltUk; $l. 1990,y; Muk;gpf;fg;gl;l ,d;NghHk; (Inform) vDk; (,yq;ifapd; epytuk; Fwpj;j khjhe;j mwpf;if ntspapLk;) epWtdj;jpd; ,af;Fduhf cs;shH. (kdpj chpik kPwy;fs; Fwpj;J fz;fhzpg;G-mwpf;ifaply; NjitahdtHfSf;F tpguq;fis fpilf;fr; nra;jy; vd nra;ag;gLk; ,e;epWtdj;ij ,tuJ je;ijahuhd NkH[; ,af;fj;jpd; jiytuhf ,Ue;j rhHs;]; mNgNrfu elj;jp te;jhH.) gy kdpj chpikfs; kw;Wk; ngz;zpa ,af;fq;fspy; epHthf cWg;gpduhfTk; nraw;ghl;lhsuhfTk; ,Ue;J tUfpwhH.

1975,y; ngz;zpd; Fuy; mikg;Gld; NrHe;J nraw;glj; njhlq;fp gpd;dH "ngz;zpd; Fuy;" rQ;rpifiaAk; elj;jp te;jhH. 1976,y; (1971 Vg;uy; Gul;rpapd; gpd; jiykiwT ,af;fkhf nraw;gl;L te;j) N[.tp.gp.apy; ,ize;jhH. nfhOk;G fpof;Ff;fhd mikg;ghsH kl;lj;jpy; nraw;gl;lJld; N[.tp.gp.apd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht gj;jphpifahd "Red Power" gj;jphpiff; FOtpYk; gzpahw;wp te;jhH. N[.tp.gp.apd; tpLjiy fPjk; ("tpKf;jp fP") vDk; fiyf;FOtpYk; nrayhw;wpapUe;jhH. Rdpyhtpd; fiyg;gzp ,j;jid FWfpaJ my;y. mtH mjw;F Kd; 1968,y; Nkil ehlfq;fspYk; ebj;Js;shH. jpiug;glq;fs; rpytw;wpYk; ebj;Js;shH. tpLjiy fPjq;fs; nfrl; ehlhf;fs; kw;Wk; jpiug;glq;fs; rpytw;wpy; ghbAs;shH.

1979,y; N[.tp.gp.Ald; ,izj;J kdpj chpikfs; epWtdk; xd;iw nu[p rpwptHjd> ,e;jpf FztHjd (jw;Nghija mikr;rH) MfpNahH mikj;j NghJ mjpy; ,ize;J gzpGhpe;jhH.

1980,y; fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs; fhuzkhf N[.tp.gp.apy; ,Ue;J tpyfp kdpj chpikfs;> ngz;fs; chpikfs; Fwpj;j tplaq;fspy; jPtpu mf;fiw fhl;lj; njhlq;fpdhH. 1984,y; ngz;fs; njhlHG+f epWtdk; vDk; mikg;igj; njhlq;fpdhH. ,t;tikg;G ,d;W ,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW ngz;fs; mikg;Gfis xd;wpizf;Fk; tiyg; gpd;dypd; ika mikg;ghfTk; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ.

rHtNjr kdpj chpikfs;> ngz;fs; chpikfs; Fwpj;j khehLfspy; ,yq;ifapypUe;J ngUk;ghYk; Rdpyh fye;J nfhs;tJz;L. mt;thwhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,yq;if murhq;fk; tpLfpd;w mwpf;iffis kWj;J khw;W mwpf;iffis jahhpj;J mspg;gtuhf Rdpyh ,Ue;J te;Js;shH. Mrpa> Mg;gphpf;f ehLfs; gytw;wpy; Rdpyh ngz;zpa> kdpj chpikfs; gapw;WduhfTk; nraw;gl;L tUfpwhH.

,dq;fSf;fpilNa ePjpf;Fk; rkj;Jtj;Jf;Fkhd ,af;fj;jpd; Muk;gfHj;jhf;fspy; ,tUk; xUtH.

ehd;F gps;isfSf;F Rdpyh ,d;W jdpnahU jhahfTk; je;ijahfTk; gps;isfis tsHj;J tUgtH. ,e;j ehy;thpy; ,UtH trp> Rdpy; MfpNahH yPdh (Kd;dhs; N[.tp.gp.apd; ngz;fs; gphpT nghWg;ghsuhf ,Ue;jtH. gpd;dH xU tpgj;jpy; ,we;J NghdhH.)tpd; gps;isfs;. ,d;W mt;tpUtUk; Rdpyhtpd; tsHg;gpNyNa tho;fpd;wdH.

46 tajhd RdpyhTf;F 30 tUlfhy nraw;ghl;L mDgtk; cz;L. cyfpy; Nrh\yprg; ngz;zpathjpnahUtUf;F fpilj;j Kjy; I.eh.kdpj chpik tpUnjd;Wk; ,jidf; $wyhk;. kWGwk; ,thpd; kdpjhgpkhdg; ghHitahdJ ,tuJ murpaiyAk; tpOq;fptpl;lnjd;Wk; ,d;W Rdpyh ntWk; "kdpjhgpkhdp" khj;jpuk; jhd; vd;fpd;w tpkHrdKk; gutyhf $wg;gLtijAk; fUj;jpw; nfhs;Nthk;. RdpyhTldhd NeHfhzy; ,q;F gpuRukhfpwJ.

jkpo;r; #oNyhL cq;fSf;F Vw;gl;l cwitAk;> mjd; murpay; #oiy ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhz;lijAk; $Wq;fNsd;?

1970fspy; aho; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; rpq;fs nkhopapYk; ghlnewpfs; ele;j fhyj;jpy; ehd; aho; Ngha; tUtNtd;. mg;NghJ mq;F gy jkpo; ez;gHfs; fpilj;jhHfs;. epj;jpahde;jd;> epHkyh> rpj;jpuh Nghd;w gyhpd; neUq;fpa el;Gf; fpilj;jJ. ,e;j cwtpd; fhuzkhf aho;g;ghzg; gpuahzk; mjpfhpj;jJ. jHkNrd gj;jpuh[Tld; nghd;kzp jpiug;glj;Jf;F gq;fspj;Njhk;. vq;fSf;F jkpoH gz;ghL> mtHfs; vjpHnfhs;Sk; tpNrl gpur;rpidfs; vd;gtw;iw czuf; fpilj;jJ. mtHfspd; gy;NtW eilKiwfSld; njhlHGw fpilj;jJ. gpur;rpidfs; tsHe;J nfhz;bUe;j NghJk; vdJ njhlHG ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jJ. epHkyh epj;jpahde;jd; MfpNahH ifJ nra;ag;gl;l NghJ Kjy; ehs; ,uT Gwg;gl;L nrd;W fhiyapy; xU Kiw re;jpj;J tpl;L gpd;dH kPz;Lk; n[apyNuhL rz;il gpbj;J khiyAk; re;jpj;J tpl;L tUNtd;. mtHfs; rpiwfs; khw;wg;gLk; NghJ njhlHe;Jk; nts;spf;fpoikfspy; Gwg;gl;Lr; nrd;W ghHitapl;L tUNtd;. ,t;TwTfs; ntWkNd jj;JthHj;j hPjpahd my;yJ> murpay; hPjpahd GhpjNyhL ePbj;jit my;y. mjw;F mg;ghy; el;GwTf;$lhf ,it ePbj;jd. gpw;fhyq;fspy; vdJ gps;isfisAk; tlf;F fpof;F gFjpfSf;F $l;br; nry;tjpy; vdf;F tpUg;gkjpfk;. mg;gb mioj;J nry;yg;gLfpd;w Nghnjy;yhk; gps;isfs; mq;F cile;J rpije;J jiukl;lkhfptpl;bUf;Fk; ,lq;fisf; fhl;b gy Nfs;tpfisf; Nfl;ghHfs;. mtHfSf;F mit Fwpj;j tpsf;fj;ij ehd; nfhLg;Ngd;. ,e;j epidTfs; mtHfis xU NghJk; ,dthjj;Jf;F ,l;Lr; nry;yhJ. mtHfSf;F gpur;rpidia tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s tha;g;Gfisf; fpl;lr; nra;tJ mtrpak;. murpay; hPjpahf kl;Lk; ,tw;iw Nehf;Ftjpy; vdf;F cld;ghby;iy.

N[.tp.gp.Ald; ehd; cwit Kwpj;Jf; nfhz;l re;jHg;gj;jpy; $l kdpj czHTfis kjpf;fhjjpy; Vw;gl;l gpur;rpidNa NknyOe;jJ.

,g;gbahd kdpjhgpkhdg; ghHit> murpay; hPjpahf ghHf;ftplhjgb nra;J tpLky;yth?

ehd; vdJ murpay; tho;f;ifapy; kdpjhgpkhd KiwapNyNa nra;J te;Js;Nsd;. kdpjj;Jtk; vd;gJ Gul;rpfu murpanyhd;wpd; %ykhNt rhj;jpag;gLk; vd;gij ek;gpay;yth ehq;fs; murpay; nra;aj; njhlq;fpNdhk;. ngz;zpak; Fwpj;j nraw;ghLfisAk; mNj kdpjj;Jtj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;ly;yhth nra;aj; njhlq;fpNdhk;. murpaypd; Nguhy; ehd; xUNghJk; kdpjj;Jtj;ij tpiynfhLf;f tpUk;gtpy;iy.

1987-1989 fhyg;gFjpfspy; vdf;F N[.tp.gp.ahy; mr;RWj;jy; ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ xU Kiw uh[fphpa gFjpapy; rpWkpahf ,Ue;j vdJ kfisAk; ifgpbj;Jf; nfhz;L ghijapy; nrd;W nfhz;bUe;j NghJ ,UtH vq;fisAk; jhz;b Xbf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. mtHfisj; njhlHe;J rptpy; cil jhpj;j gilapdUk; tpul;b te;jhHfs;. te;j gilapdH vd;dplk; Nfl;lhHfs; vq;Nf mtHfs; vd;W. vdf;F njhpAk; mtHfs; xspe;jpUe;j ,lk;. Mdhy; ehd; NtW ,lj;ijf; fhz;gpj;J mtHfisj; jpir jpUg;gpNdd;. gpd;dH te;J vdJ murpay; ez;gHfs; rpyUld; ,J gw;wpg; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ mtHfs; "cd;idf; nfhy;yg; ghHf;Fk; N[.tp.gp.fhuHfis eP Vd; gpbj;Jf; nfhLf;fhky; Nghdha;" vd;W vd;idj; jpl;bdhHfs;. Mdhy; mg;gbr; nra;a vd;dhy; KbahJ. mtHfs; vd;idf; nfhy;y te;jpUe;jhYk; $l ehd; gpbj;Jf; nfhLf;f KbahJ. mg;gbr; nra;jpUe;jhy; ehd; murpay; nra;J gpuNahrdkpy;iy.

ePq;fs; N[.tp.gp.apy; ,Ue;J tpyfpa NghjpUe;j fhuzj;ijAk; jw;NghJ ePq;fs; $wpa rk;gtj;jpYk; murpay; ,y;iyah? Vd; ,t;tpuz;ilAk; murpay; hPjpapy; cq;fshy; vjpHnfhs;sKbahky; NghdJ?

,yq;ifapd; murpay; xU jj;JthHj;j murpay; ,y;iyNa. njhlHr;rpahf xUGwk; CoYk; kWGwk; td;KiwAk;> F&uKk;> epiwe;j murpaNy ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,e;j rl;lfj;Jf;Fs; A+.vd;.gp.> =.y.R.f.> N[.tp.gp.> Gypfs; vd vtUk; tpjptpyf;fpy;iy. ,g;gbg;gl;l #oypy; kdpjj;Jtj;ij murpayhy; vjpH nfhs;syhk; vd;W ehd; epidf;ftpy;iy. ,itaidj;Jk; tHf;f> ,d> rhjpa> ghy;thj mjpfhuj;Jtj;ij epiyehl;lntd ,g;gbg;gl;l nray;fisr; nra;fpd;wd. FWfpafhy eyd;fSf;fhf kdpjj;Jtk; gw;wp rpwpJk; mf;fiw nfhs;tjpy;iy. vdNt jhd; kdpjj;Jtj;ij murpayhy; vjpHnfhs;s tha;g;gpy;iy. ,g;gb cq;fSf;Fj; Njhd;wtpy;iyah?

nghJthf Rdpyh jdJ murpaiy ,oe;J tpl;ljhf tpkHrdk; cs;sNj?

JujpU];ltrkhf vdJ kdpjj;Jtj;Jf;F murpaypy; ,lkpy;iy.

,Jtiu fhyk; cq;fis xU Nrh\yprg; ngz;zpathjpahfNt milahsk; fz;L te;jdH. ,d;iwf;Fk; mJ nry;YgbahFkh?

Mk;> ,d;Wk; ehd; mbg;gilapy; Nrh\ypr tpLjiyiaAk;> Gul;rpfu r%f khw;wj;ijAk; Ntz;b epw;fpNwd;. ehd; ek;Gfpd;w Nrh\yprk; kdpjj;Jtj;ij kjpf;fpd;w Nrh\yprNk. Ntbf;if vd;dntd;why; ,yq;if muR $l "[dehaf Nrh\yprf; FbauR" vd;W jhd; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. vdNt Nrh\yprk; vd;gJ ,d;W gy;NtW tifapy; mHj;jk; nfhs;sg;gLfpw #oypy; kdpjj;Jtj;ij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;l rkj;Jtj;ijNa ehd; vjpHghHf;fpNwd;.

I.eh.thy; ,J tiu toq;fg;gl;Ls;s tpUJfspy; ngz;zpiythjpfs; vtUf;fhtJ ,J toq;fg;gl;Ls;sjh?

kdpj chpikahsuhd cq;fs; ghHitapy; ,yq;ifapd; kdpj chpik epiyikfs; gw;wp vd;d nrhy;tPHfs;?

,e;j murhq;fk; Ml;rpapy; mkHifapy; vd; Nghd;w gyH ek;gpf;if itj;jpUe;Njhk;. Mdhy; ,d;W vy;NyhUk; mjpUg;jpaile;jpUf;fpNwhk;. ahg;G tplaj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mjpy; mbg;gil chpik gFjpapy; rpy jpUj;jq;fisAk; NfhhpapUe;Njhk;. mg;gFjpapy; capH tho;tjw;fhd chpik> nghUshjhu chpik vd;git jpUj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;bUe;Njhk;. capH thOk; chpik cj;Njrj; jpUj;jj;jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; nghUshjhu chpik cs;slf;fg;gltpy;iy. njhopy; Ghptjw;fhd chpik Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. Mdhy; njhopw; ghJfhg;Gf;fhd chpik toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. xUtUf;F njhopy; Ghptjw;fhd chpik ,d;wp njhopiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhd chpik ,Ue;J vd;d gpuNahrdk;. NkYk; Kd;ida rl;lq;fs; mg;gbNa nry;YgbahFk; vd;fpd;w gphpTk; cs;sJ. mjd;gb kuz jz;lidAk; mg;gbNa mKypy; ,Uf;Fk;. mg;gbnad;why; tho;tjw;fhd chpik toq;fg;gLfpd;w NghJ rl;lq;fSf;fpilapy; Kuz;ghLfs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. ahg;gpd; Muk;gj;jpy; ,J xU gy;ypd ehnld;gij cWjpg;gLj;jtpy;iy. ,g;gbahf kdpj chpikia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhNy gy tplaq;fis cj;Njr ahg;gpy; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

njhopyhsH rhrdj;ij gpufldg; gLj;Jtjhff; $wpa murhq;fk; ,d;Dk; mjidf; fUj;jpw; nfhs;stpy;iy. ,d;W mjid Kd;ndLf;Fk;gb ve;j njhopw; rq;fq;fSk; fijf;fj; jahuhapy;iy Vndd;why; mJ njhopyhsHfis tpl Kjyhspfisg; ghJfhf;fpd;w rhrdkhfNt Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kiyaf kf;fspd; gpu[hThpikg; gpur;rpid> Coy;fisAk; td;KiwfisAk; xopg;gjhff; $wpa NghJk; mNj Nrw;wpy; murhq;fk; %o;fp tpl;Ls;sJ. fhzhky; NghNdhH gw;wpa tprhuiz Mizf;FO tprhuiz Kbf;fg;gl;L mjd; mwpf;if ,d;Wk; kf;fSf;F mwpa tha;g;gpy;iy. Kiwg;gb [dhjpgjp nrayfj;Jf;$lhf mJ ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; rkHg;gpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ,d;Dk; mg;gbr; nra;ag;gltpy;iy. [dhjpgjpaplk; ,ufrpakhf itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mt; Mizf; FOtpy; rhl;rp $wpa jha;khH> kidtpkhH> gps;isfs; vd vtUk; mjid mwpa KbahJs;sJ. el;l<L toq;fg;gltpy;iy. ePjp fpilf;ftpy;iy. mtw;wpy; <Lgl;l gyuJ ngaHfSk; mjpy; cs;sd. mtHfSf;F vjpuhf eltbf;if vLf;f ,e;j murhq;fk; gag;gLfpwJ. mg;gb eltbf;if vLj;Jtpl;L Aj;jnkhd;iwr; nra;a KbahJ vd;W ek;GfpwJ. mt;thW eltbf;if vLf;fg;glhj gl;rj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfSf;Fk; ,dp ghjpf;fg;glg; NghgtHfSf;Fk; ,dp ,g;gb elf;fhJ vd;gjw;F ve;j tpj ek;gpf;ifNah cWjpNah ,y;iy.

jkpo; rpiwf;ifjpfspd; epiyikfis vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; ,d;W ntWk; re;Njfj;jpd; Nghpy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L tprhuizapd;wp tPzhfj; jLj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhHfs;. ntypf;fil> fSj;Jiw> mDuhjGuk; vd gy rpiwr;rhiyfspy; jkpo;f; ifjpfs; kPJ jhf;Fjy;fs; ele;Js;sd. mtHfSf;F jpUg;gpj; jpUg;gp thf;FWjpfs; toq;fg;gl;l NghJk; vJTk; cUg;gbahf ,y;iy. ,d;iwa nrk;kzp GijFop tiu vj;jidNah mLf;fpf; nfhz;Nl Nghfyhk;. kdpj chpikfs; Fwpj;J jpUg;jp nfhs;sf;$ba vJTk; ,d;W ,y;iy.

,j;jidf;Fk; kj;jpapy; kdpj chpikahsHfs; nraw;gLfpd;w tha;g;Gfs; jw;Nghija murhq;fj;jpy; cz;L. jilapy;iy.

Kd;dH ,y;yhjjh?

Mk;> 88-90 Nghd;w fhyg;gFjpfspy; mt;thW ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; kdpj chpikfis kPw Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;w jpl;lkpl;l Nehf;fk; ,e;j murhq;fj;Jf;F ,Ug;gjhfj; njhpatpy;iy. Mdhy; gpNukjhr murhq;fj;Jf;F mg;gb ,Ue;jJ. murhq;f tpNuhjpfis $z;NlhL mopf;fpd;w jpl;lkpl;l Nehf;fk; gpNukjhrTf;F ,Ue;jJ. mJ kl;Lky;yhky; fytuq;fisf; $l $wyhk;> 82> 83 fytuj;ijf; $l N[.MH murhq;fk; jpl;lkpl;Lr; nra;jJ. me;jsT nfhs;if hPjpahf jpl;lkpl;L kPWfpd;w Nehf;fk; ,e;j murhq;fj;Jf;F ,y;iy. ,e;j murhq;fk; eilKiwapy; epiwaj; jtWfis ,ioj;J tUfpwJ. mf;fiwaPdkhf> nghWg;gPdkhf ele;J nfhs;fpwJ vd;fpd;w Fw;wr;rhl;ilj; jhd; itf;fKbfpwJ.